draft proposed American National Standard for Information Systems—Programming Language—Common Lisp
X3J13/94-101
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Figures
Introduction Syntax Evaluation and Compilation Types and Classes Data and Control Flow Iteration Objects Structures Conditions Symbols Packages Numbers Characters Conses Arrays Strings Sequences Hash Tables Filenames Files Streams Printer Reader System Construction Environment Glossary Concurrency AppendixThis passage is removable text which is not formally part of the standard.
Syntax
Evaluation and Compilation
Types and Classes
Data and Control Flow
Iteration
Objects
Structures
Conditions
Symbols
Packages
Numbers
Characters
Conses
Arrays
Strings
Sequences
Hash Tables
Filenames
Files
Streams
Printer
Reader
System Construction
Environment
Glossary
Concurrency
Appendix
Contents
unexpanded macro: (:OTHER-COMMAND-APPLICATION NIL :OUTPUT-FILE "chap-0" :NAME "rm" :BOUNDS (2320 . 2323)) IntroductionSyntax
Evaluation and Compilation
Types and Classes
Data and Control Flow
Iteration
Objects
Structures
Conditions
Symbols
Packages
Numbers
Characters
Conses
Arrays
Strings
Sequences
Hash Tables
Filenames
Files
Streams
Printer
Reader
System Construction
Environment
Glossary
Concurrency
Appendix
This passage is removable text which is not formally part of the standard.
Index
This passage is removable text which is not formally part of the standard.
Special thanks to Guy L. Steele Jr. and Digital Press for producing Common Lisp: The Language, and for relaxing copyright restrictions enough to make it possible for that document's text to provide an early basis of this work.
The following lists of information are almost certainly incomplete, but it was felt that it was better to risk publishing incomplete information than to fail to acknowledge important contributions by the many people and organizations who have contributed to this effort.
Mention here of any individual or organization does not imply endorsement of this document by that individual or organization.
Credits
| Principal Technical Editors: | ||
| Kent M. Pitman | Harlequin, Inc. | 1993-present |
| Symbolics, Inc. | 1990-1992 | |
| Kathy Chapman | Digital Equipment Corporation | 1987-1989 |
| Occasional Guest Editors: | ||
| Richard P. Gabriel | Lucid, Inc. | |
| Sandra Loosemore | self |
| Financial Contributors to the Editing Process: |
| Digital Equipment Corporation |
| Harlequin, Ltd. and Harlequin, Inc. |
| Symbolics, Inc. |
| Apple, Inc. |
| Franz, Inc. |
| Lucid, Inc. |
Special thanks to Guy L. Steele Jr. and Digital Press for producing Common Lisp: The Language, and for relaxing copyright restrictions enough to make it possible for that document's text to provide an early basis of this work.
| Edit and Review History: | ||
| 01-Jan-89 | Chapman | Draft of Chapters 1.1 (scope). |
| 01-Jan-89 | Pitman | Draft of Chapters 5.1 (conditions). |
| 01-May-89 | Chapman | Draft of 1.2–1.6. |
| 01-May-89 | Gabriel | Rewrite of Chapters 1.1 and 5.1. |
| 01-Jun-89 | Loosemore | Review of Chapter 4.2. |
| 01-Jun-89 | Pitman | Review of Glossary |
| 15-Jun-89 | Gabriel | Rewrite of Glossary |
| 16-Jun-89 | Margolin | Comments on Chapters 2.1–2.4 (types, objects). |
| 23-Jun-89 | Gabriel | Rewrite of 4.2. |
| 07-Jul-89 | Moon | Review of Chapters 4.1, 4.3 |
| 12-Jul-89 | Gabriel | Revision of 4.2. |
| 15-Jul-89 | Pitman | Review of Glossary |
| 18-Jul-89 | Gray | Comments on 5.1 |
| 25-Jul-89 | Gabriel | Revision of Chapters 1.2–1.6, 2.2 |
| 26-Jul-89 | Gabriel | Rewrite of 5.1 |
| 26-Jul-89 | Gabriel | Rewrite of 4.1. |
| 27-Jul-89 | Pitman | Revision of 5.1 |
| 27-Jul-89 | Gabriel | Revision of 5.1 |
| 28-Jul-89 | Chapman | Draft of 2.2, 3.2, 3.3, 5.4 |
| 28-Jul-89 | Gabriel | Revision of Glossary. |
| 01-Oct-89 | Margolin | Review of Dictionary from Jun-89 draft. |
| 20-Jan-91 | Pitman | Draft 8.81 (for X3J13 review). Document X3J13/91-101. |
| 29-Jan-91 | Waters | Review of 8.81/Chapter 23 (Printer). |
| 01-Mar-91 | Moon | Review of 8.81/Chapter 4 (Evaluation and Compilation). |
| 01-Mar-91 | Barrett | Review of 8.81/Chapter 4 (Evaluation and Compilation). |
| 01-Mar-91 | Moon | Review of 8.81/Glossary. |
| 13-Mar-90 | Wechsler | Review of 8.81/Glossary. |
| 21-Mar-91 | Kerns | Review of 8.81/Chapter 1. |
| 26-Apr-91 | Margolin | Review of 8.81/Chapters 1–12. |
| 15-May-91 | Barrett | Review of 8.81/Chapters 5 (Misc), 11 (Conditions). |
| 04-Jun-91 | Laddaga | Review of 9.60/Chapter 20 (Pathnames). |
| 10-Jun-91 | Pitman | Draft 9.126 (for X3J13 review). Document X3J13/91-102. |
| 02-Sep-91 | Barrett | Review of 9.28/Chapter 4 (Evaluation and Compilation). |
| 02-Sep-91 | Barrett | Review of 9.52/Chapter 4 (Evaluation and Compilation). |
| 15-Sep-91 | Barrett | Review of 9.126/Chapter 4 (Evaluation and Compilation) |
| and Chapter 7 (Evaluation/Compilation). | ||
| (some comments not yet merged) | ||
| 18-Sep-91 | Wechsler | Review of 9.126. |
| 21-Sep-91 | Barrett | Review of 10.16/Chapter 7 (Evaluation/Compilation). |
| (some comments not yet merged) | ||
| 28-Sep-91 | Barrett | Review of 10.95/Chapter 25 (Printer). |
| (some comments not yet merged) | ||
| 13-Oct-91 | Barrett | Review (and help editing) of 10.104/Chapter 4 |
| (Evaluation and Compilation) | ||
| 15-Oct-91 | Waters | Review of 10.95/Chapter 25 (Printer). |
| 24-Oct-91 | Pitman | Draft 10.156 (for X3J13 review). Document X3J13/91-103. |
| 04-Nov-91 | Moon | Review of 10.156/Chapter 5 (Data and Control Flow) |
| and Chapter 26 (Glossary). | ||
| 11-Nov-91 | Loosemore | Review of 10.156/Chapter 2 (Syntax), |
| Chapter 3 (Evaluation and Compilation), | ||
| Chapter 5 (Data and Control Flow), and Chapter 8 (Structures). | ||
| 02-Dec-91 | Barrett | Review of 10.156/Chapter 4 (Types and Classes), |
| and Chapter 10 (Symbols). | ||
| 02-Dec-91 | Barrett | Review of 10.156/Chapter 3 (Evaluation and Compilation), |
| Chapter 6 (Iteration), Chapter 9 (Conditions), | ||
| and Chapter 14 (Conses). | ||
| (some comments not yet merged) | ||
| 09-Dec-91 | Gabriel | Review of 10.156/Chapter 1 (Introduction), |
| Chapter 2 (Syntax), and Chapter 3 (Evaluation and Compilation). | ||
| 09-Dec-91 | Ida | Light review of 10.156/Chapters 1-5. |
| 09-Dec-91 | Moon | Review of 10.156/Chapter 3 (Evaluation and Compilation). |
| (some comments not yet merged) | ||
| 10-Dec-91 | Loosemore | Review of 10.156/Chapter 10 (Symbols), |
| Chapter 20 (Files), and Chapter 13 (Characters). | ||
| 10-Dec-91 | Loosemore | Review of 10.156/Chapter 14 (Conses). |
| (some comments not yet merged) | ||
| 10-Dec-91 | Laubsch | Review of 10.156/Chapters 1 (Introduction), |
| Chapter 2 (Syntax), Chapter 3 (Evaluation and Compilation), | ||
| Chapter 4 (Types and Classes), Chapter 5 (Data and Control Flow), | ||
| Chapter 7 (Objects), Chapter 11 (Packages), | ||
| Chapter 19 (Filenames), and Chapter 21 (Streams). | ||
| 18-Dec-91 | Margolin | Review of 10.156/Chapter 18 (Hash Tables). |
| 04-Jan-92 | White | Review of 10.156/Chapter 6 (Iteration), |
| Chapter 11 (Packages), Chapter 18 (Hash Tables), | ||
| and Chapter 23 (Reader). | ||
| 04-Jan-92 | White | Review of 10.156/Chapter 26 (Glossary). |
| (some comments not yet merged) | ||
| 04-Jan-92 | Barrett | Review of 10.156/Chapter 18 (Hash Tables) and Chapter 16 (Strings). |
| 04-Jan-92 | Barrett | Review of 10.156/Chapter 15 (Arrays) and Chapter 21 (Streams). |
| (some comments not yet merged) | ||
| 06-Jan-92 | Loosemore | Review of 10.156/Chapter 16 (Strings), |
| Chapter 17 (Sequences), and Chapter 25 (Environment). | ||
| 06-Jan-92 | Loosemore | Review of 10.156/Chapter 21 (Streams) and Chapter 23 (Reader). |
| (some comments not yet merged) | ||
| 06-Jan-92 | Margolin | Review of 10.156/Chapter 2 (Syntax). |
| 07-Jan-92 | Margolin | Review of 10.156/Chapter 4 (Types and Classes). |
| 03-Feb-92 | Aspinall | Review of 10.156/Chapter 12 (Numbers). |
| 16-Feb-92 | Pitman | Draft 11.82 (for X3J13 letter ballot). Document X3J13/92-101. |
| 16-Mar-92 | Loosemore | Review of 11.82/Chapter 1, 3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, |
| 11, 12, 18, 22, 23, 24, 25, and 26. | ||
| 16-Feb-92 | Pitman | Draft 12.24 (for X3 consideration). Document X3J13/92-102. |
| 09-Sep-92 | Samson | Public Review Comments (#1). Documents X3J13/92-1001 to 92-1003. |
| 22-Oct-92 | Rose, Yen | Public Review Comments (#2). Documents X3J13/92-1101 to 92-1103. |
| 23-Oct-92 | Staley | Public Review Comments (#3). Documents X3J13/92-1201 to 92-1204. |
| 09-Nov-92 | Barrett | Public Review Comments (#4). Documents X3J13/92-3101 to 92-3110. |
| 11-Nov-92 | Moon | Public Review Comments (#5). Documents X3J13/92-3201 to 92-3248. |
| 17-Nov-92 | Loosemore | Public Review Comments (#6). Documents X3J13/92-1301 to 92-1335. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Margolin | Public Review Comments (#7). Documents X3J13/92-1401 to 92-1419. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Withington | Public Review Comments (#8a). Documents X3J13/92-1501 to 92-1512. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Feinberg | Public Review Comments (#8b). Documents X3J13/92-1601 to 92-1603. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Wechsler | Public Review Comments (#8c). Documents X3J13/92-1701 to 92-1703. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Moore | Public Review Comments (#9). Documents X3J13/92-1801 to 92-1802. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Flanagan | Public Review Comments (#10). Documents X3J13/92-1901 to 92-1910. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Dalton | Public Review Comments (#11). Documents X3J13/92-2001 to 92-2012. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Gallagher | Public Review Comments (#12). Documents X3J13/92-2101 to 92-2103. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Norvig | Public Review Comments (#13). Documents X3J13/92-2201 to 92-2208. |
| 24-Nov-92 | Robertson | Public Review Comments (#14). Document X3J13/92-2301. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Kawabe | Public Review Comments (#15). Documents X3J13/92-2401 to 92-2403. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Barrett | Public Review Comments (#16). Documents X3J13/92-2511 to X3J13/92-2531. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Wertheimer | Public Review Comments (#17). Document X3J13/92-2601. |
| 24-Nov-92 | Pitman | Public Review Comments (#18). Documents X3J13/92-2701 to 92-2742. |
| 24-Nov-92 | Mato Mira | Public Review Comments (#19). Documents X3J13/92-2801 to 92-2805. |
| 24-Nov-92 | Philpot | Public Review Comments (#20). Document X3J13/92-2901. |
| 23-Nov-92 | Cerys | Public Review Comments (#21). Document X3J13/92-3001. |
| 30-Aug-93 | Pitman | Draft 13.65 (for X3J13 consideration). Document X3J13/93-101. |
| 04-Oct-93 | X3J13 | Minor fixes to Draft 13.65 before sending to X3. |
| 05-Oct-93 | Pitman | Draft 14.10 (for X3 consideration). Document X3J13/93-102. |
| 08-Nov-93 | Dalton | ``reply to reply to pr comments''. Document X3J13/94-311. |
| 04-Apr-94 | Boyer, | |
| Kaufmann, | ||
| Moore | Public Review Comments (#1). Document X3J13/94-305. | |
| 05-Apr-94 | Pitman | Public Review Comments (#2). Document X3J13/94-306. |
| 14-Mar-94 | Schulenburg | Public Review Comments (#3). Document X3J13/94-307. |
| 04-Apr-94 | Shepard | Late commentary. Document X3J13/94-309. |
| 05-May-94 | X3J13 | Editorial-only changes to Draft 14.10 in response to comments. |
| 10-May-94 | Pitman | Draft 15.17 (for X3 consideration). Document X3J13/94-101. |
The following lists of information are almost certainly incomplete, but it was felt that it was better to risk publishing incomplete information than to fail to acknowledge important contributions by the many people and organizations who have contributed to this effort.
Mention here of any individual or organization does not imply endorsement of this document by that individual or organization.
| Ad Hoc Group Chairs: | |
| Characters | Linden, Thom |
| Charter | Ennis, Susan P. |
| Cleanup | Masinter, Larry |
| Fahlman, Scott | |
| Compiler | Haflich, Steve |
| Loosemore, Sandra | |
| Conditions | Pitman, Kent M. |
| Editorial | Chapman, Kathy |
| Graphics & Windows | Douglas Rand |
| Iteration | White, JonL |
| Lisp1/Lisp2 | Gabriel, Richard P. |
| Macros | Haflich, Steve |
| Pitman, Kent M. | |
| Objects | Bobrow, Daniel G. |
| Presentation of Standard | Brown, Gary |
| Pretty Printer | Waters, Richard C. |
| Public Review | Ida, Masayuki |
| Types & Declarations | Scherlis, William |
| Validation | Berman, Richard |
| Balzer, Bob |
| Major Administrative Contributions: | |
| Mathis, Robert | Brown, Gary |
| Steele, Guy L., Jr. | Eiron, Hanoch |
| Zubkoff, Jan L. | Haflich, Steve |
| Gabriel, Richard P. | Ida, Masayuki |
| Masinter, Larry | Loeffler, David D. |
| Loosemore, Sandra | Tyson, Mabry |
| Pitman, Kent M. | Whittemore, Susan |
| Barrett, Kim | Woodyatt, Anne |
| Major Technical Contributions: | |
| Barrett, Kim A. | Loosemore, Sandra |
| Bobrow, Daniel G. | Margolin, Barry |
| Daniels, Andy | Moon, David A. |
| DeMichiel, Linda G. | Pitman, Kent M. |
| Dussud, Patrick H. | Perdue, Crispin |
| Gabriel, Richard P. | Steele, Guy L., Jr. |
| Ida, Masayuki | Waters, Richard C. |
| Kiczales, Gregor | White, JonL |
| Organizational Participants: | |
| The Aerospace Corporation | LMI |
| AI Architects | Loosemore, Sandra |
| Amoco Production Co. | Lucid, Inc. |
| Aoyama Gakuin University | MCC |
| Apple Computer | MIT |
| Barrett, Kim | MITRE Corporation |
| Boeing Advanced Technology Center | MSC |
| Carnegie-Mellon University | NASA Ames Research Center |
| Chestnut Software | Nihon Symbolics |
| Computer Sciences | National Bureau of Standards |
| CONTEL | Prime Computer |
| Digital Equipment Corporation | Siemens |
| Evans & Sutherland | Southern Illinois University |
| Encore | Sperry |
| Franz, Inc. | SRI |
| Gigamos | Sun Microsystems |
| GMD | Symbolics |
| Gold Hill | Tektronix |
| Greenblatt, Richard | Texas Instruments |
| Grumman Data Systems Corporation | Thinking Machines Corporation |
| Harlequin, Ltd. | Unisys |
| Hewlett-Packard | University of Bath |
| Honeywell | University of Edinburgh |
| IBM | University of Utah |
| Integrated Inference Machines | US Army |
| International LISP Associates | USC/ISI |
| Johnson Controls | Xerox |
| Kerns, Robert W. |
| Individual Participants: | ||
| Antonisse, Jim | Hewitt, Carl | Perdue, Crispin |
| Arbaugh, Bill | Hornig, Charles | Philipp, Christopher |
| Balzer, Bob | Ida, Masayuki | Pierson, Dan |
| Barrett, Kim | Keene, Sonya | Pitman, Kent M. |
| Bartley, David | Keller, Shaun | Raghavan, B. |
| Beckerle, Mike | Kempf, James | Rand, Douglas |
| Beiser, Paul | Kerns, Robert W. | Rininger, Jeff |
| Benson, Eric | Kiczales, Gregor | Rosenking, Jeff |
| Berman, Richard | Kolb, Dieter | Scherlis, William |
| Bobrow, Daniel G. | Koschmann, Timothy | Shiota, Eiji |
| Boelk, Mary | Kosinski, Paul | Sizer, Andy |
| Brittain, Skona | Larson, Aaron | Slater, David |
| Brown, Gary | Latto, Andy | Sodan, Angela |
| Chailloux, Jerome | Laubsch, Joachim | Soley, Richard |
| Chapman, Kathy | Layer, Kevin | St. Clair, Bill |
| Clinger, Will | Linden, Thom | Stanhope, Philip |
| Coffee, Peter C. | Loeffler, David D. | Steele, Guy L., Jr. |
| Cugini, John | Loosemore, Sandra | Tucker, Paul |
| Curtis, Pavel | Magataca, Mituhiro | Turba, Thomas |
| Dabrowski, Christopher | Margolin, Barry | Unietis, Dave |
| Daessler, Klaus | Masinter, Larry | van Roggen, Walter |
| Dalton, Jeff | Mathis, Robert | van Roggen, Walter |
| Daniels, Andy | Matthews, Dave | Waldrum, Ellen |
| DeMichiel, Linda G. | McCarthy, John | Waters, Richard C. |
| Duggan, Jerry | Mikelsons, Martin | Wechsler, Allan |
| Dussud, Patrick H. | Moon, David A. | Wegman, Mark |
| Ennis, Susan P. | Moore, Timothy | Weinreb, Daniel |
| Fahlman, Scott | Nicoud, Stephen | White, JonL |
| Gabriel, Richard P. | Nilsson, Jarl | Wieland, Alexis |
| Giansiracusa, Bob | O'Dell, Jim | Withington, P. Tucker |
| Gray, David | Ohlander, Ron | Wright, Whitman |
| Greenblatt, Richard | Padget, Julian | York, Bill |
| Hadden, George D. | Palter, Gary | Zacharias, Gail |
| Haflich, Steve | Peck, Jeff | Zubkoff, Jan L. |
| Harris, Richard M. | Pellegrino, Bob |